The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) capped 2024 on a high note with the successful launch of the SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment) mission on Monday night. The PSLV-C60 rocket lifted off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, placing two satellites into a 475-km low Earth orbit. This mission will demonstrate space docking technology, a key milestone for India.
ISRO chairperson S. Somanath announced that the docking is planned for January 7, 2025. “There is work for us in the new year to demonstrate docking and experiments on POEM (PS4 Orbital Experiment Module). In 2025, we will start with the GSLV launching NVS-02 for the NavIC constellation. Wishing everyone a Happy New Year,” he said.
The Significance of SpaDeX
SpaDeX is crucial for ISRO’s future goals, including a Moon sample return mission, an Indian lunar landing, and constructing the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS). A successful docking will make India the fourth nation with this capability, joining Russia, the US, and China.
The mission involves two satellites, SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target), designed to demonstrate docking. Initially separated by 20 km, the satellites will close the gap over several days, culminating in a final docking maneuver within 7–8 days. During docking, the satellites will also transfer electrical power before separating to function independently for the next two years.
The Chaser satellite features a high-resolution surveillance camera, while the Target carries a multispectral payload for monitoring natural resources, vegetation, and space radiation.
Future Applications of Docking Technology
Docking is vital for missions requiring heavy payloads or modular components, like space stations. The Bharatiya Antariksh Station, with its first module launch planned for 2028, will rely on this capability. Chandrayaan-4 will also use docking to transfer lunar samples to a re-entry module for Earth return.
Innovations on POEM Platform
ISRO’s POEM platform will test 24 technologies, including contributions from startups and academic institutions. Key highlights:
- Biological Experiment (CROPS): Germination and growth of plants to a two-leaf stage in space.
- Debris Capture Robotic Arm: Designed to capture debris using object motion prediction.
- Satellite Servicing Robotic Arm: A potential future tool for repairing satellites in orbit.
- Partner Experiments:
- Amity University’s study of plant cells in microgravity.
- RV College’s study on gut bacteria growth curves.
- Green propulsion systems and synthetic aperture radars.
This mission sets the stage for ISRO’s ambitious plans for 2025 and beyond, reaffirming India’s position as a leading spacefaring nation.
Leave a Reply